The journey of water: from source to tap

Sourcing water

The UK's water supply comes primarily from three sources. These are: surface water (reservoirs, rivers, and lakes), groundwater (aquifers), and a small percentage from collected rainwater. The choice of source largely depends on geographical and climatic factors.

Treatment and purification

Once sourced, the water undergoes rigorous treatment. This process involves several stages, including coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection, to remove impurities and pathogens. In the UK, water companies adhere to stringent regulations set by the Drinking Water Inspectorate (DWI) to ensure the water meets health and safety standards.

Distribution network

After treatment, the water is pumped through an extensive network of pipes and reservoirs before it reaches businesses. The UK boasts over 346,455 km of water mains. This network is critical, and its maintenance is vital to prevent leaks and ensure consistent supply.

Quality monitoring

Even after initial treatment, water quality is continuously monitored as it travels through the distribution system. This is to ensure that the water maintains its quality and is safe for use by the time it reaches the end user.

The challenges of maintaining a consistent water supply

Ageing Infrastructure

One of the biggest challenges is the aging water infrastructure. Many of the UK's water pipes and mains are old and in need of repair or replacement. This can lead to leaks and bursts, disrupting the supply.

The climate emergency and water scarcity

By now most people are aware that among the many issues posed by the climate emergency, one is the significant threat to water availability. With changing weather patterns, water sources can become less reliable, as is already being seen in many regions of the world. Businesses in areas prone to drought or flooding need to have contingency plans in place to account for this challenge.

Rising demand

As the population and number of water-intensive businesses grow, so does the demand for water. This puts additional pressure on the water supply system, making it more challenging to ensure a consistent supply.

Best practices for businesses

Water efficiency

Businesses should implement water efficiency measures. This includes fixing leaks promptly, installing water-efficient appliances, and recycling water wherever possible.

Risk assessment

Conducting a water risk assessment can help your organisation to understand potential disruptions to your supply and create a contingency plan.

Understanding water legislation

Be aware of the regulatory framework governing water usage and rights in the UK, including abstraction licenses if you are drawing water directly from a source such as a borehole.

Investing in water storage

Consider on-site water storage solutions to buffer against supply interruptions. This can be particularly important for industries where water is critical to operations.